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    10/23/2009

    【转载】银河系介绍

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    在没有灯光干扰的晴朗夜晚,如果天空足够黑,你可以看到在天空中有一条弥漫的光带。这条光带就是我们置身其内而侧视银河系时所看到的它布满恒星的圆面——银盘。银河系内有约两千多亿颗恒星,只是由于距离太远而无法用肉眼辩认出来。由于星光与星际尘埃气体混合在一起,因此看起来就像一条烟雾笼罩着的光带。银河系的中心位于人马座附近。 

    银河系是一个中型恒星系,它的银盘直径约为十二万光年。它的银盘内含有大量的星际尘埃和气体云,聚集成了颜色偏红的恒星形成区域,从而不断地给星系的旋臂补充炽热的年轻蓝星,组成了许多疏散星团或称银河星团。已知的这类疏散星团约有一千两百多个。银盘四周包围着很大的银晕,银晕中散布着恒星和主要由老年恒星组成的球状星团。 
      
    从我们所处的角度很难确切地知道银河系的形状。但随着近代科技的发展,探测手段的进步在某种程度上克服了这些障碍,揭示出银河系具有的某些出人意料的特征。长期以来人们一直以为银河系是一个典型的旋涡星系,与仙女座星系类似。但最近的观测却发现,它的中央核球稍带棒形。这意味着银河系很可能是一种棒旋星系。另外,银河系是一个比较活跃的星系,银核有强烈的宇宙射线辐射,在那里恒星以高速围绕着一个不可见的中心旋转。这表明在银河系的核心有一个超大质量的黑洞。 

    银河系有两个较矮小的邻居——大麦哲伦云和小麦哲伦云,它们都属于不规则星系。由于引力的作用,银河系在不断地从这两个小星系中吸取尘埃和气体,使这两个邻居中的物质越来越少。预计在一百亿年里,银河系将会吞没这两个星系中的所有物质,这两个近邻将不复存在。

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